Transcript typed by MC Hiebel Barat
The text, which follows, is published in the Journal Institutions, Journal of the Federation of Inter-Cultural Association,
No. 31 October 2002: History and Transmission.
http://institutions.ifrance.com/pages_textes/informations/informations.html
As ever, I will mention here what it is xenophobia. For that, I'll try to conjoin the one hand, my own experience and on the other hand, my experience in my practice as a psychiatrist.
Like everyone, I've built my own person along the historical contingencies and situations where I found myself engaged with other people sometimes like myself, but fortunately also operating outside of me and represented by the same aspects strange or foreign to my life.
In this regard, I can probably come to put in place mechanisms phobic. I never got too preview, nor have suffered. It well after the fact, in the exercise of my profession, that I remembered when, obviously, it came to the phobias of others I was careful. I do not think you'll find yourself much of my astonishment. When I found myself the object of a double xenophobia: in many and cared for many people, I was a strange concern in France. For all, psychiatry and psychiatrists are seen as the ultimate all xenophobic. This is fortunate to be so for further care. Indeed, most often treated too had forgotten the misuse their own mechanism phobic. They complain, of course, many ailments, but he was really exceptional they are complaining they have proven phobias. When they did, it was because they became obsessed, and obsessions that were then filled the space in their lives.
Most often, only after a very long journey of the therapeutic process they came to report some childhood phobias. In the latter case, by referring them to the experiences of their childhood, they have already devalued. I have no doubt that the fact of experiencing themselves phobia psychiatrist's always more or less alien, as there arose any deed, this allowed to reactivate memories of old phobic child.
It is only through the movement of transfer - as also through dreams we can restate verbally during the therapeutic encounter - that facilitates recognition of the past, always working within us.
I am authorized to state here that always, at some point in human evolution, phobic mechanisms play a role in which fear or anxiety, may to flow positively. I mean with the phobia, it has been downloading a few things thrown overboard from his boat body with which it undertakes its own mobile surfing a sea of uncertainty.
Xenophobia is a sample from the wide range of phobias. In fact, phobic objects are at work even before it does not make himself any word, and of course without having any explicit concept. Rather than experiencing the same feelings nuanced and contradictory, these misgivings concerning our corporeal being and its relationship to surroundings where the other appears. He often shared, so to speak, our anxiety and reassures us. But he also multiplies, especially when it disappears from our sight and our touch. If
phobic fear immobilizes our being, it is also true that it is somehow good advice for ourselves: as a minimum, it suggests and encourages us to flee from danger ... More surgery and socially efficient , there is a real implementation of defense mechanisms against-phobic. I explain earlier, but for now, I note the extraordinary frequency of real mechanisms trailing on the ground who are doing the phobia itself, the source of a large number of imaginary productions. Indeed, it is sustainable for people to experience panic fears about something that relates to his own parents - whether mother or father. The creation of a true family story allows us to fly there, and artistic creation can be a field of adventure open to readers or viewers - but open, first to oneself.
At this level, we could already talk about mechanisms cons-phobic, but the great opportunity mechanisms cons-phobic born at our concrete social practices.
For example, I've never seen, along a course record, a doctor - after several years of psychotherapy, known as didactic - not eventually raise his childhood phobia of death, even castration, which can lead to very relevant social achievements as a carer, or surgeon. I saw many psychiatrists who have been and perhaps still does it, marked with the phobia of insanity.
You can enter as a movement against-phobic efficient processing of fear of losing something or the urge to fly into the profession of the perfect policeman. Are we surprised that the pain of having suffered irreparable injustice either to the source of the art judge? And so on ...
All life is complex and undergoes progressive complexification. The uniformity of the mono-representation of oneself and the world is an illusion where the perceived and the represented deviate from the tight complex, due to the existence of several sources and several different slopes that preclude them. It appears in a chaotic, confusing, clouding both the past and the future.
The excluded middle of Aristotelian logic is, of course, operating at the noetic, or even the noematic. However, it can not erase the movement hyletic unveiled by Heraclitus. The adventures of the dialectic are reassuring for anyone. We know that misuse often makes. Heraclitus himself had already finished his career *.
Often, there is the fantasy of the catastrophic end of the world at work in each of us. At minimum, it seems that games are already made when it comes to playing and risking his own life. Phobic mechanisms simplify the issue open since the dialectic of the world lived. It retains some aspect of it and denies everything else, often with an emotional charge? We do not recognize these remains. Hygiene is the phobia of dirt of life. The exclusion of waste, fear of contagion and unclean contacts can coexist, with each of us, the lure inducer of the mystery of man.
Here and now, we will try together to build and especially de-construct the experiences of xenophobia, if not its concept.
Among us, it's no mystery as to identify unaffordable certain times of the collective history of xenophobia come to us more or less invasive and more or less obsessive. Without doubt, there is always ambiguity in nature and in the course of developments and xenophobia as an individual, and in episodes of collective xenophobia. Nevertheless, it suits all of us to take a position before the current invasion lucid in xenophobia in the collective activities of men. However, it is not crying wolf that removes the fear of wolves. And I do not think you can treat the collective xenophobia in the same way that all phobias proven individually, so I think it useful to recall here what he is phobic mechanisms at work in each of us.
This is not the first time that xenophobia is unique in our lives, although oblivion - or the denial or doubt in any case - usually sail it all. All we waded, often continue to wallow in movements and cons phobic phobics more or less hidden. This is the pathos, the manifestation of a certain pain, waking, waking up, in each of us to the problem of meeting the other human being - and even if we could already see him.
I would not make a play on words, noting that it is here and now in Nice, which reformulates the problem of xenophobia. When one wonders what one has a phobia in a concrete way, often we say: it is neither of this, do what it is. In fact, it's always something else that is, we stirred and which he fears: that, precisely, neither more nor less than the Other in ourselves. The Other surprising that reappears on the occasion of each meeting, each separation with other human beings.
The presence of Mr. Semprun here brings me to Garcia Lorca who, after one of his poems, abandoned the peace of the landscape that surrounds said suddenly: that's weird my name is Federico. It's amazing that I, I am me, and rather than me, there is another - as a doublet of myself, which is not easy nor operative to discard. Contrary to what is often thought, this is not the other mirror in question - one we see in the mirror, or one whose one feels watched.
Fear panic, irreducible to each of us, that other overseas that we carry within ourselves, panic is the fear of our inner self which suffers, unfortunately, many scratches from many social contacts with the most benevolent towards us.
The fact that the other projects in our own inner persecutor, our own insecurities, our own ambivalence, is our daily bread. It is true that we find easily anywhere and unjust authoritarian beings who delight to play a role outside persecutor. That money when running in the dialectic of the paranoid person, all human relationships become an opportunity to induce collective gatherings more or less fundamentalist, more or less massive persecution, or a large number of victims willing to take a momentary calm.
; F. Tosquelles, Manchester, 7 and 8 May 1992.
* Noema in philosophy refers to the "concept" versus "feel".
noematic : adjective for things related to the act of thinking, philosophizing, for example, as a result.
hyletic : from Hyle, material support in time (cf. Heraclitus and the river or sound).
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